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R语言编程

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R语言

base

class

变量的类别

merge

合并两个数据框（DataFrame）

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merge(x, y, by = intersect(names(x), names(y)),
      by.x = by, by.y = by, all = FALSE, all.x = all, all.y = all,
      sort = TRUE, suffixes = c(".x",".y"), no.dups = TRUE,
      incomparables = NULL, ...)
  • all=FALSE：相当于natural join，仅返回匹配的行
  • all=TRUE：相当于full outer join
  • all.x=TRUE：相当于left outer join
  • all.y=TRUE：相当于right outer join
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x <- data.frame(k1 = c(NA,NA,3,4,5), k2 = c(1,NA,NA,4,5), data = 1:5)
x
#  k1 k2 data
#1 NA  1    1
#2 NA NA    2
#3  3 NA    3
#4  4  4    4
#5  5  5    5
y <- data.frame(k1 = c(NA,2,NA,4,5), k2 = c(NA,NA,3,4,5), data = 1:5)
y
#  k1 k2 data
#1 NA NA    1
#2  2 NA    2
#3 NA  3    3
#4  4  4    4
#5  5  5    5

merge(x, y, by = c("k1","k2")) # NA's match
#  k1 k2 data.x data.y
#1  4  4      4      4
#2  5  5      5      5
#3 NA NA      2      1

merge(x, y, by = "k1") # NA's match, so 6 rows
#  k1 k2.x data.x k2.y data.y
#1  4    4      4    4      4
#2  5    5      5    5      5
#3 NA    1      1   NA      1
#4 NA    1      1    3      3
#5 NA   NA      2   NA      1
#6 NA   NA      2    3      3

merge(x, y, by = "k2", incomparables = NA) # 2 rows
#  k2 k1.x data.x k1.y data.y
#1  4    4      4    4      4
#2  5    5      5    5      5

mode

返回对象在内存中的存储类型

  • numeric：integer、double
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mode(NA)
# [1] "logical"

paste

组合字符串

  • 可以将任意数量的参数组合在一起
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paste(..., sep = " ", collapse = NULL)
  • ...：要组合的任何数量的参数
  • sep：表示参数之间的分隔符
  • collapse：用于消除两个字符串之间的空间；但不是在一个字符串的两个词的空间
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(nth <- paste0(1:12, c("st", "nd", "rd", rep("th", 9))))
# [1] "1st"  "2nd"  "3rd"  "4th"  "5th"  "6th"  "7th"  "8th"  "9th"  "10th" "11th" "12th"

month.abb
# [1] "Jan" "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug" "Sep" "Oct" "Nov" "Dec"
paste(month.abb, "is the", nth, "month of the year.")
# [1] "Jan is the 1st month of the year."  "Feb is the 2nd month of the year." 
# [3] "Mar is the 3rd month of the year."  "Apr is the 4th month of the year." 
# [5] "May is the 5th month of the year."  "Jun is the 6th month of the year." 
# [7] "Jul is the 7th month of the year."  "Aug is the 8th month of the year." 
# [9] "Sep is the 9th month of the year."  "Oct is the 10th month of the year."
#[11] "Nov is the 11th month of the year." "Dec is the 12th month of the year."

letters
# [1] "a" "b" "c" "d" "e" "f" "g" "h" "i" "j" "k" "l" "m" "n" "o" "p" "q" "r" "s" "t" "u" "v"
#[23] "w" "x" "y" "z"
paste(month.abb, letters)
# [1] "Jan a" "Feb b" "Mar c" "Apr d" "May e" "Jun f" "Jul g" "Aug h" "Sep i" "Oct j" "Nov k"
#[12] "Dec l" "Jan m" "Feb n" "Mar o" "Apr p" "May q" "Jun r" "Jul s" "Aug t" "Sep u" "Oct v"
#[23] "Nov w" "Dec x" "Jan y" "Feb z"

typeof

对变量类型的细分

stats

r+分布

产生特定分布的随机数（random）

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Packages

Amelia

Amelia包
  • 可视化缺失值

ggplot2

ggplot2包
  • 绘图

grpreg

grpreg包
  • 组变量选择

installr

更新RGui

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## 在RGui中输入下列命令
install.packages('installr')
library(installr)
updateR()

MASS

MASS包

MICE

MICE包（Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations）
  • 填补缺失值
  • 可视化缺失值

其他

快捷键

Windows MacOS
注释 Ctrl + Shift + C Cmd + Shift + C
运行 Ctrl + Enter Shift + Enter 
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参考资料

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